A comprehensive guide to transporting dangerous goods
Definition of dangerous goods
Dangerous goods are items and materials that endanger the health and safety of passengers or means of transportation. The transportation of these types of goods must be carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Airline Companies Association (IATA).
It is strictly forbidden to carry these items in the luggage and hand bags of the passengers and it is only possible to transfer them in the special storage of the plane.
Terms and conditions of transporting dangerous goods
Dangerous goods are items and materials that endanger the health and safety of passengers or means of transportation. The transportation of these types of goods must be carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Airline Companies Association (IATA).
It is strictly forbidden to carry these items in the luggage and hand bags of the passengers and it is only possible to transfer them in the special storage of the plane.
Requirements for transporting dangerous goods
Transporting dangerous goods is a highly specialized process that requires strict compliance with the following regulations:
Use of internationally approved containers.
Adhering to quantity limits for each package.
Following specific packaging instructions.
Using absorbent and leak-proof materials.
Proper labeling on the outer surface of packages.
Preparing and submitting all required documentation.
Separating incompatible substances.
Ensuring that prohibited items are not transported by passenger or cargo aircraft.
طبقهبندی کالاهای خطرناک و علائم حمل آنها
According to international regulations, dangerous goods are classified into 9 hazard classes:
Class 1: Explosives
Substances or articles that can produce gas, heat, light, or sound through a chemical reaction and have destructive capabilities.
1.1: Substances with mass explosion hazard (e.g., gunpowder).
1.2: Nitrate-based compounds like cellulose nitrate and potassium nitrate.
1.3: Nitrogen compounds with minor explosion risk.
1.4: Chlorinated compounds producing thick smoke.
1.5: Low-sensitivity explosive substances.
1.6: Munitions and explosives that generate high-velocity fragments.
Class 2: Gases
Gases are divided based on their chemical characteristics:
Flammable gases
Non-flammable, non-toxic gases
Toxic or corrosive gases
Class 3: Flammable Liquids
Liquids that produce flammable vapors at low temperatures, such as paints and varnishes.
Class 4: Flammable Solids
4.1: Flammable solids like powders
4.2: Spontaneously combustible materials
4.3: Substances that emit flammable or toxic gases when in contact with water
Class 5: Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides
5.1: Oxidizers that intensify combustion
5.2: Organic peroxides that may decompose explosively under heat
Class 6: Toxic and Infectious Substances
6.1: Toxic substances harmful by inhalation or skin contact
6.2: Infectious substances containing pathogens
Class 7: Radioactive Materials
Substances that emit harmful radiation such as alpha, beta, or gamma rays.
Class 8: Corrosives
Materials that cause corrosion to living tissue or metals upon contact.
Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods
Substances that pose a hazard not covered by other classes, such as matches, lighters, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Rules related to the transportation of class 1 substances (explosive substances)
- It is forbidden to carry very sensitive and explosive materials.
- All materials must be approved by the competent authority before shipment.
- For new materials, a shipping permit must be obtained.
- Packaging of explosives should be done according to safety standards.
Conclusion
Transporting dangerous goods requires strict adherence to international laws and safety standards. Understanding the classification of hazardous materials and following safety regulations can help prevent accidents and ensure safer transportation.